Winter convection in the Lofoten Basin according to ARGO buoys and hydrodynamic modeling
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu07.2019.308Abstract
In the center of the Lofoten basin in the Norwegian Sea, a unique natural phenomenon which is located which is a quasi-permanent anticyclonic Lofoten vortex (LV). Winter deep convection is a necessary condition for its stability and one of the main mechanisms of its existence, as it creates favorable conditions for its annual regeneration. Another mechanism to maintain a high anticyclonic vorticity in the center of the basin is the capture of mesoscale eddies that break away from the Norwegian Current. Despite the fact that the important role of deep convection in the mechanisms of annual regeneration of the LV is generally recognized, today in the scientific community there is no consensus on the intensity of winter convection in the region. We estimate a depth of mixed layer (MLD) in the Lofoten basin. We use the method formulated by Dukhovskoy for estimation. Unlike other known methods, this method does not have any predetermined criterion of density difference, and a necessary rule is determined by the features of the profile itself. We compared estimation of MLD in the Lofoten basin according to MITgcm data and ARGO buoys data. Estimates of the MLD and the spatial distribution of their maximum values are obtained for the Lofoten basin. The spatial distribution of Argo profiles is considered. It is shown that T-S diagrams constructed on these profiles are characterized by a pronounced homogeneity and a slight change in density inside the Lofoten vortex (LV) in contrast to the profiles located outside the vortex. The LV area coincides completely with the region of the highest values of the MLD, and this proves the key role of deep convection in the existence of an anticyclonic vortex in the center of the basin, as well as the need for its study. Graphs of the spatial distribution of MLD in excess of 300 and 500 m are analyzed.
Keywords:
Norwegian Sea, Lofoten vortex, Lofoten basin, deep convection, ARGO, mixed layer depth, MITgcm, MLD
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Литература
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References
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Bashmachnikov, I. L., Sokolovskiy, M. A., Belonenko, T. V., Volkov, D. L., Isachsen, P. E., Carton, X., 2017. On the vertical structure and stability of the Lofoten vortex in the Norwegian Sea. Deep-Sea Res I (128), 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2017.08.001.
Belonenko, T. V., Fedorov, A. M., 2018. Steric Level Fluctuations and Deep Convection in the Labrador and Irminger Seas. Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics 54 (9), 1039–1049. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433818090086.
Belonenko, T. V., Fedorov, A. M., Bashmachnikov, I. L., Fuks, B. R., 2018. Current Intensity Trends in the Labrador and Irminger Seas Based on Satellite Altimetry Data. Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics 54 (9), 1031–1038. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001433818090074.
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Blindheim, J., Østerhus, S., 2013. The Nordic Seas, Main Oceanographic Features. In: The Nordic Seas: An Integrated Perspective / H. Drange, T. Dokken, T. Furevik, R. Gerdes and W. Berger (eds). American Geophysical Union, Washington, 11–37. https://doi.org/10.1029/158GM03.
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Even, J. Ø., Nilsen, E. F., 2006. Variations of mixed layer properties in the Norwegian Sea for the period 1948–1999, Progress in Oceanography 70 (1), 58–90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2006.03.014.
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Nilsen, J. E., Falck, E., 2006. Variations of mixed layer properties in the Norwegian Sea from the period 1948–1999. Progress in Oceanography 70, 58–90.
Raj, R. P., Chafik, L., Nilsen, J. E. Ø., Eldevik, T., Halo, I., 2015. The Lofoten Vortex of the Nordic Seas. Deep-Sea Res. 196, 1–14.
Richards, C. G., Straneo, F., 2015. Observations of Water Mass Transformation and Eddies in the Lofoten Basin of the Nordic Seas. J. Phys. Oceanography 45, 1735–1756. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPOD-14-0238.1.
Søiland, H., Chafik, L., Rossby, T., 2016. On the long‐term stability of the Lofoten Basin Eddy. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 121, 4438–4449. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC011726.
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Spall, M. A., 2010. Non-local topographic influences on deep convection: An idealized model for the Nordic Seas. Ocean Modelling 32 (1–2), 72–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2009.10.009.
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Yu, L. ‐S., Bosse, A., Fer, I., Orvik, K. A., Bruvik, E. M., Hessevik, I., Kvalsund, K., 2017. The Lofoten Basin eddy: Three years of evolution as observed by Seagliders. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 122, 6814–6834, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC012982.
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Published
2019-07-23
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Федоров, А. М., Башмачников, И. Л. and Белоненко, Т. В. (2019) “Winter convection in the Lofoten Basin according to ARGO buoys and hydrodynamic modeling”, Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 64(3). doi: 10.21638/spbu07.2019.308.
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