Fractionation of metals in bottom sediments of St. Petersburg rivers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu07.2024.109Abstract
Based on the method of successive extraction, the forms of heavy metals in the bottom sediments from eight rivers in the central part of St. Petersburg were studied. Watercourses are characterized by a high degree of technogenic pollution, the features of which are determined by the industry specialization of enterprises located on the banks of watercourses. Exchangeable forms, metals bound to carbonates, organic-sulfide (oxidized) fraction, bound to hydrate iron and manganese oxides (reduced) fraction, crystalline (acid) forms, and silicate (residual) forms were extracted from bottom sediment samples. A feature of urban precipitation was the predominance of residual forms and a high proportion of oxidized ones. Based on the methods of multivariate statistics (factorial and dispersion analysis), the technogenic geochemical specialization of different watercourses was established, the industrial and post-industrial (modern) horizons were identified in the section of bottom sediments, and the leading forms of metals were established. Sediments were characterized by a very wide range of total metal content. However, the dependence of the absolute content of metals in different extracts on the total concentration was contained only for Mn, Ni, Co, and Cd. Among the studied metals, the single-phase composition was found by Ba and Sr, which are 85–98% represented by the silicate form. ANOVA analysis of the metal content (without taking into account the residual fraction) showed that the accumulation of Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Ni occurs in the oxidized form; for Ba and Pb, acid extraction plays a leading role; for Fe, the maximum concentration was found in oxidized and acidic extracts; for Cd, the exchange and carbonate forms are leading. A series of decrease in the mobility of metals Cd>Zn>Cr>Cu»Ni>Mn»Co>Pb>>Fe>>Sr>Ba indicated a high lability of chalcophile elements and a decrease in mobility in the series siderophiles - lithophiles. An expert assessment of the potential for secondary contamination of metals during bottom cleaning and soil dumping in the Neva Bay was obtained, which was especially significant for Zn, Cu, Cr and Mn.
Keywords:
bottom sediment, sequential extraction method, metal forms, metal mobility
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