Interannual variations of heat and freshwater contents in the cold water dome of the Labrador Sea
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu07.2019.108Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the interannual variability of heat content and freshwater content in the Labrador Sea using ARMOR-3D data-set (1993-2016), which combines in situ and satellite observations. Significant trends of increasing the heat content and of decreasing the freshwater content in the upper 500th layer were detected. With the depth the slope coefficients of the trends decrease, which suggests the upper ocean origin of the processes, forming the observed tendencies. On interannual scales (after removal of the trends), negative correlation between these characteristics were obtained, which can be formed by the intensification of the ocean-atmosphere heat/freshwater exchange, as well as by intensification of oceanic advection of polar and/or subtropical water in the Labrador Sea. The interannual variability in the heat and freshwater content is dominated by 2-4 years and 5-8 years cycles. Significant correlation of the heat/freshwater content with the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI) is obtained. For the 2-year and 5-8 year cycles, the high coherence between the heat content and the NAOI is detected. For the 2-year it is found a delay of NAOI by a quarter of the period relative to the heat content, interpreted as the reverse effect of the Labrador Sea water temperature on thephase/intensity of NAOI. For 5-8-year cycles, the high coherence between the variations in the heat content and the Atlantic Multidecadal oscillation index (AMOI, characterizing the mean temperature of the North Atlantic) is detected with practically zero phase shift. After the beginning of 2000, the certain coherence with the AMOI was observed also for the 2-4-year cycles. At these time scales, AMOI leads the variations in the heat content in the sea.
Keywords:
the Labrador Sea, heat content, freshwater content, the North Atlantic Oscillation, the Atlantic Multidecadal oscillation
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References
Литература
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Holte, J., Straneo, F., 2017. Seasonal overturning of the Labrador Sea as observed by Argo floats. Journal of Physical Oceanography 47(10), 2531–2543.
Hurrell, J. W., Deser, C., 2010. North Atlantic climate variability: the role of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Journal of Marine Systems 79(3–4), 231–244.
Jenkins, W. J., Smethie, W. M., Boyle, E. A., Cutter, G. A., 2015. Water mass analysis for the US GEOTRACES (GA03) North Atlantic sections. Deep Sea Research II 116, 6–20.
Jevrejeva, S., Moore, J. C., Grinsted, A., 2003. Influence of the Arctic Oscillation and El Nino?Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on ice conditions in the Baltic Sea: The wavelet approach. Journal of Geophysical Research 108(D21). URL: https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003417.
Khatiwala, S., Schlosser, P., Visbeck, M., 2002. Rates and mechanisms of water mass transformation in the Labrador Sea as inferred from tracer observations. Journal of Physical Oceanography 32(2), 666–686.
Kumar, P., Foufoula?Georgiou, E., 1997. Wavelet analysis for geophysical applications. Reviews of Geophysics 35(4), 385–412.
Larnicol, G., Guinehut, S., Rio, M. H., Drevillon, M., Faugere, Y., Nicolas, G., 2006. The global observed ocean products of the French Mercator project. Proceedings of the Symposium on 15 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry, 13–18 March 2006. Venice, Italy.
McCartney, M. S., Talley, L. D., 1982. The subpolar mode water of the North Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography 12(11), 1169–1188.
Myers, P. G., Josey, S. A., Wheler, B., Kulan, N., 2007. Interdecadal variability in Labrador Sea precipitation minus evaporation and salinity. Progress in Oceanography 73(3–4), 341–357.
Peterson, B. J., McClelland, J., Curry, R., Holmes, R. M., Walsh, J. E., Aagaard, K., 2006. Trajectory shifts in the Arctic and subarctic freshwater cycle. Science 313(5790), 1061–1066.
Pozo-Vazqueza, D., Esteban-Parra, M. J., Rodrigo, F. S., Castro-Diez, Y., 2000. An analysis of the variability of the North Atlantic Oscillation in the time and the frequency domains. International Journal of Climatology 20, 1675–1692.
Proshutinsky, A., Dukhovskoy, D., Timmermans, M. L., Krishfield, R., Bamber, J. L., 2015. Arctic circulation regimes. Philosophical Transactions of Royal Society A 373(2052), 20140160.
Rhein, M., Kieke, D., Huttl-Kabus, S., Roessler, A., Mertens, C., Meissner, R., Klein, B., Boning, C. W., Yashayaev, I., 2011. Deep water formation, the subpolar gyre, and the meridional overturning circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic. Deep Sea Research II 58(17), 1819–1832.
Serreze, M. C., Barrett, A. P., Slater, A. G., Woodgate, R. A., Aagaard, K., Lammers, R. B., Steele, M., Moritz, R., Meredith, M., Lee, C. M., 2006. The large-scale freshwater cycle of the Arctic. Journal of Geophysical Research 111(C11). URL: https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JC003424.
Stramma, L., Kieke, D., Rhein, M., Schott, F., Yashayaev, I., Koltermann, K. P., 2004. Deep water changes at the western boundary of the subpolar North Atlantic during 1996 to 2001. Deep Sea Research I 51(8), 1033–1056.
Yashayaev, I., 2007. Hydrographic changes in the Labrador Sea, 1960–2005. Progress in Oceanography 73, 242–276.
Yashayaev, I., Clarke, A., 2008. Evolution of North Atlantic water masses inferred from Labrador Sea salinity series. Oceanography 21(1), 30–45.
Yashayaev, I., Seidov, D., Demirov, E., 2015. A new collective view of oceanography of the Arctic and North Atlantic basins. Progress in Oceanography132, 1–21.
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Published
2019-05-19
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Яковлева, Д. А. and Башмачников, И. Л. (2019) “Interannual variations of heat and freshwater contents in the cold water dome of the Labrador Sea”, Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Earth Sciences, 64(1), pp. 136–158. doi: 10.21638/spbu07.2019.108.
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