Опыт использования данных операторов сотовой связи в зарубежных экономико-географических исследованиях
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu07.2021.301Аннотация
Вступление в эпоху «Больших данных» и появление новых источников геоинформации, включая данные сотовых операторов, предоставили принципиально новые возможности для исследований многих социально-экономических процессов. По сравнению с традиционными источниками, сведения операторов сотовой связи имеют ряд уникальных особенностей и преимуществ, которые привлекают ученых из различных областей знаний. Обширный опыт применения технологий сбора и обработки пространственной информации с мобильных телефонов, накопленный за последние 15 лет, обуславливает интерес к ним в целях совершенствования демографической статистики, транспортного планирования, анализа систем расселения, статистики туризма, изучения поведения людей и мониторинга чрезвычайных ситуаций. В статье на примерах зарубежных работ продемонстрированы различные кейсы использования данных сотовых операторов в научных и научно-прикладных исследованиях по этим направлениям. Зарубежная практика применения данных операторов сотовой связи демонстрирует, насколько анализ данных способен дополнять результаты переписей и регистров населения, позволяя переходить от статического к динамическому рассмотрению системы расселения. Сочетание сведений мобильной телефонии с информацией традиционной статистики, а также другими видами «Больших данных», например дистанционного зондирования, способствует улучшению пространственного и временного разрешения геоинформации при изучении демографических и социально-экономических процессов. При этом можно наблюдать, что потенциальное использование этого источника данных не ограничивается дополнением системы существующих статистических показателей, а включает в себя создание принципиально новых социально-экономических индикаторов (например, дневного или сезонного населения и др.). Кроме того, существующая долгое время проблема отставания отечественной статистики от передовых стран Европы и США может быть в значительной степени нивелирована в результате инкорпорирования в исследовательскую практику «Больших данных».
Ключевые слова:
данные сотовых операторов, изучение систем расселения, делимитация агломераций, мониторинг социально-экономических процессов
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Статьи журнала «Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Науки о Земле» находятся в открытом доступе и распространяются в соответствии с условиями Лицензионного Договора с Санкт-Петербургским государственным университетом, который бесплатно предоставляет авторам неограниченное распространение и самостоятельное архивирование.
