Изотопно-геохимические особенности кембрийских фосфоритов Каратауского бассейна (Южный Казахстан)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu07.2018.302Аннотация
Статья посвящена изучению изотопно-геохимических характеристик фосфоритов и вмещающих их карбонатов Каратауского месторождения P. В результате проведенной работы были выявлены наименее измененные породы и установлен первичный изотопный состав Sr, С и О в воде Каратауского бассейна, а также изотопный состав Nd фосфоритов. Карбонаты кыршабактинской свиты, подстилающие фосфатоносные породы, характеризуются соотношением 87Sr/86Sr = 0,70839, значение δ13C изменяется от 0,2 до 0,6 ‰. В породах фосфатоносной чулактауской свиты первичный изотопный состав Sr варьирует от 0,70877 до 0,70905, а изотопный состав C изменяется от –3,1 до 0,8‰. На основе этих данных установлен интервал их седиментации. Фосфатонакопление в пределах Каратауского бассейна проходило в раннем кембрии, вероятно, 520–509 млн лет назад, в результате биогенного осаждения P из океанической воды на шельфе пассивной окраины континента.
Ключевые слова:
хемостратиграфия, Sr, Nd, реконструкция осадочного бассейна
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Литература
Геология, 1986 / Абдулин, А. А., Чимбулатов, М. А., Ергалиев, Г. Х. (под ред.), Наука, Алма-Ата.
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Banner, J. L., 2004. Radiogenic isotopes: systematics and applications to earth surface processes and chemical stratigraphy. Earth-Science Reviews 65, 141–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-8252(03)00086-2.
Bengtson, S., 1994. The advent of animal skeletons, in: Bengtson, S. (Ed.), Early Life on Earth. Nobel Symposium 84, 412–425.
Brasier, M. D., Shields, G., Kuleshov, V. N., Zhegallo, E. A., 1996. Integrated chemo- and biostratigraphic calibration of early animal evolution: Neoproterozoic-early Cambrian of southwest Mongolia. Geological Magazine 133, 4, 445–485.
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Halverson, G. P., Wade, B. P., Hurtgen, M. T., Barovich, K. M., 2010. Neoproterozoic chemostratigraphy. Precambrian Research 182(4), 337–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2010.04.007.
Ishikawa, T., Ueno, Y., Komiya, T., Sawaki, Y., Han, J., Shu, D., Li, Y., Maruyama, S., Yoshida, N., 2008. Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy of a Precambrian/Cambrian boundary section in the Three Gorge area, South China: prominent global-scale isotope excursions just before the Cambrian explosion. Gondwana Research 14, 193–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2007.10.008.
Kaufman, A. J., Knoll, A. H., 1995. Neoproterozoic variations in the C-isotopic composition of seawater: stratigraphic and biogeochemical implications. Precambrian Research 73(1–4), 27–49.
Kholodov, V. N., Nedumov, R. I., 2009. Association of manganese ore and phosphorite-bearing facies in sedimentary sequences: communication 2. Co-occurrence and paragenesis of P and Mn in Lower Paleozoic and Precambrian sediments. Lithology and Mineral Resources 44(2), 152–173.
Kirschvink, J. L., Hagadorn, J. W., 2000. Grand unified theory of biomineralization, in: Bäuerlein, E. (Ed.), The Biomineralisation of Nano- and Micro-structures. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, Germany, 139–150.
Kolodny, Y., Luz, B., 1992. Isotope signatures in phosphate deposits: formation and diagenetic history, in: Clauer, N., Chaidhuri, S. (Eds.), Isotopic signatures and sedimentary records. Springer-Verlag.
Kuznetsov, A. B., Gorokhov, I. M., Mel’nikov, N. N., Konstantinova, G. V., Kutyavin, E. P., Semikhatov, M. A., 2003. Sr isotope composition in carbonates of the Karatau Group, southern Urals, and standard curve of 87Sr/86Sr variations in the Late Riphean Ocean. Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation 11(5), 415–449.
Kuznetsov, A. B., Gorokhov, I. M., Semikhatov, M. A., 2014. The Sr isotope chemostratigraphy as a tool for solving stratigraphic problems of the Upper Proterozoic (Riphean and Vendian). Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation 22(6), 553–575.
Maloof, A. C., Porter, S. M., Moore, J. L., Dudás, F. Ö., Bowring, S. A., Higgins,J. A., Fike, D. A., Eddy, M. P., 2010. The earliest Cambrian record of animalsand ocean geochemical change. Geological Society of America Bulletin 122, 1731–1774. https://doi.org/10.1130/B30346.1.
Meert, J. G., Gibsher, A. S., Levashova, N. M., Grice, W. C., Kamenov, G. D., Ryabinin, A. B., 2011. Glaciation and ~770 Ma Ediacara (?) fossils from the Lesser Karatau microcontinent, Kazakhstan. Gondwana Research 19, 867–880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2010.11.008.
Montañez, I. P., Banner, J. L., Mack, L. E., Musgrove, M., Osleger, D. A., 2000. Evolution of the Sr and C isotope composition of Cambrian oceans. GSA Today 10, 1–7.
Ovchinnikova, G. V., Kuznetsov, A. B., Gorokhov, I. M., Letnikova, E. F., Kaurova, O. K., Gorokhovskii, B. M., 2011. U-Pb age and Sr-chemostratigraphy of limestone from the Sorna Formation, Azyr-Tal Range, Kuznetsk Alatau. Doklady Earth Sciences 437(1), 331–334.
Peng, S., Babcock, L. E., Cooper, R. A., 2012. The Cambrian Period, in: Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., Schmitz, M., Ogg, G. (Eds.), The Geologic Time Scale, Elsevier, Boston, 437–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-59425-9.00019-6.
Popov, L. E., Bassett, M. G., Zhemchuzhnikov, V. G., Holmer, L. E., Klishevich, I. A., 2009. Gondwanan faunal signatures from early Paleozoic terranes of Kazakhstan and Central Asia: evidence and tectonic implications, in: Bassett, M. G. (Ed.), Early Paleozoic Peri-Gondwana Terranes: New Insights from Tectonics and Biogeography: Geological Society of London, Special Publications, 325, 23–64.
Revyako, N. M., Kostitsyn, Y. A., Bychkova, Y. V., 2012. Interaction between a mafic melt and host rocks during formation of the Kivakka layered intrusion, North Karelia. Petrology 20(2), 101–119.
Saltzman, M. R., Thomas, E., 2012. Carbon isotope stratigraphy, in: Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., Schmitz, M., Ogg, G. (Eds.), The Geologic Time Scale. Elsevier. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-59425-9.00011-1.
Sawaki, Y., Ohno, T., Fukushi, Y., Komiya, T., Ishikawa, T., Hirata, T., Maruyama, S., 2008. Sr isotope excursion across the Precambrian — Cambrian boundary in the Three Gorges area, South China. Gondwana Research, 14, 134–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2007.11.002.
Shaw, H. F., Wasserburg, G. J., 1985. Sm—Nd in marine carbonates and phosphates: implications for Nd isotopes in seawater and crustal ages. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 49, 503–518.
Veiser, J., 1983. Trace elements and isotopes in sedimentary carbonate. Carbonates: mineralogy and chemistry. Reviews in Mineralogy 11(2), 260–299.
Vishnevskaya, I. A., Letnikova, E. F., 2013. Chemostratigraphy of the Vendian-Cambrian carbonate sedimentary cover of the Tuva-Mongolian microcontinent. Russian Geology and Geophysics 54, 567–586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2013.04.008.
Wang, X., Hu, W., Yao, S., Chen, Q., Xie, X., 2011. Carbon and strontium isotopes and global correlation of Cambrian Series 2 — Series 3 carbonate rocks in the Keping area of the northwestern Tarim Basin, NW China. Marine and Petroleum Geology 28, 992–1002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.01.006.
Xiao, S., McFadden, K. A., Peek, S., Kaufman, A. J., Zhou, C., Jiang, G., Hu, J., 2012. Integrated chemostratigraphy of the Doushantuo Formation at the northern Xiaofenghe section (Yangtze Gorges, South China) and its implication for Ediacaran stratigraphic correlation and ocean redox models. Precambrian Research 192–195, 125–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2011.10.021.
Zhu, R., Li, X., Hou, X., Pan, Y., Wang, F., Deng, C., He, H., 2009. SIMS U—Pb zircon age of a tuff layer in the Meishucun section Yunnan, southwest China: constraint on the age of the Precambrian — Cambrian boundary. Sci China Ser. D: Earth Science 52, 1385–1392.
References
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Babcock, L. E., Peng, S.-C., Brett, C. E., Zhu, M.-Y., Ahlberg, P., Bevis, M., Robison, R. A., 2015. Global climate, sea level cycles, and biotic events in the Cambrian Period. Palaeoworld 24, Is.1–2, 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2015.03.005.
Banner, J. L., 2004. Radiogenic isotopes: systematics and applications to earth surface processes and chemical stratigraphy. Earth-Science Reviews 65, 141–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-8252(03)00086-2
Bengtson, S., 1994. The advent of animal skeletons, in: Bengtson, S. (Ed.), Early Life on Earth. Nobel Symposium 84, 412–425.
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Brasier, M. D., Shields, G., Kuleshov, V. N., Zhegallo, E. A., 1996. Integrated chemo- and biostratigraphic calibration of early animal evolution: Neoproterozoic-early Cambrian of southwest Mongolia. Geological Magazine 133, 4, 445–485.
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Halverson, G. P., Wade, B. P., Hurtgen, M. T., Barovich, K. M., 2010. Neoproterozoic chemostratigraphy. Precambrian Research 182(4), 337–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2010.04.007.
Ishikawa, T., Ueno, Y., Komiya, T., Sawaki, Y., Han, J., Shu, D., Li, Y., Maruyama, S., Yoshida, N., 2008. Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy of a Precambrian/Cambrian boundary section in the Three Gorge area, South China: prominent global-scale isotope excursions just before the Cambrian explosion. Gondwana Research 14, 193–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2007.10.008.
Kaufman, A. J., Knoll, A. H., 1995. Neoproterozoic variations in the C-isotopic composition of seawater: stratigraphic and biogeochemical implications. Precambrian Research 73(1–4), 27–49.
Kholodov, V. N., Nedumov, R. I., 2009. Association of manganese ore and phosphorite-bearing facies in sedimentary sequences: communication 2. Co-occurrence and paragenesis of P and Mn in Lower Paleozoic and Precambrian sediments. Lithology and Mineral Resources 44(2), 152–173.
Kirschvink, J. L., Hagadorn, J. W., 2000. Grand unified theory of biomineralization, in: Bäuerlein, E. (Ed.), The Biomineralisation of Nano- and Micro-structures. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, Germany, 139–150.
Kolodny, Y., Luz, B., 1992. Isotope signatures in phosphate deposits: formation and diagenetic history, in: Clauer, N., Chaidhuri, S. (Eds.) Isotopic signatures and sedimentary records. Springer-Verlag.
Kuznetsov, A. B., Gorokhov, I. M., Mel’nikov, N. N., Konstantinova, G. V., Kutyavin, E. P., Semikhatov, M. A., 2003. Sr isotope composition in carbonates of the Karatau Group, southern Urals, and standard curve of 87Sr/86Sr variations in the Late Riphean Ocean. Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation 11(5), 415–449.
Kuznetsov, A. B., Gorokhov, I. M., Semikhatov, M. A., 2014. The Sr isotope chemostratigraphy as a tool for solving stratigraphic problems of the Upper Proterozoic (Riphean and Vendian). Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation 22(6), 553–575.
Maloof, A. C., Porter, S. M., Moore, J. L., Dudás, F. Ö., Bowring, S. A., Higgins,J. A., Fike, D. A., Eddy, M. P., 2010. The earliest Cambrian record of animalsand ocean geochemical change. Geological Society of America Bulletin 122, 1731–1774. https://doi.org/10.1130/B30346.1.
Meert, J. G., Gibsher, A. S., Levashova, N. M., Grice, W. C., Kamenov, G. D., Ryabinin, A. B., 2011. Glaciation and ~770 Ma Ediacara (?) fossils from the Lesser Karatau microcontinent, Kazakhstan. Gondwana Research 19, 867–880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2010.11.008.
Montañez, I. P., Banner, J. L., Mack, L. E., Musgrove, M., Osleger, D. A., 2000. Evolution of the Sr and C isotope composition of Cambrian oceans. GSA Today, 10, 1–7.
Ovchinnikova, G. V., Kuznetsov, A. B., Gorokhov, I. M., Letnikova, E. F., Kaurova, O. K., Gorokhovskii, B. M., 2011. U-Pb age and Sr-chemostratigraphy of limestone from the Sorna Formation, Azyr-Tal Range, Kuznetsk Alatau. Doklady Earth Sciences 437(1), 331–334.
Peng, S., Babcock, L. E., Cooper, R. A., 2012. The Cambrian Period, in: Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., Schmitz, M., Ogg, G. (Eds.), The Geologic Time Scale, Elsevier, Boston, 437–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-59425-9.00019-6.
Popov, L. E., Bassett, M. G., Zhemchuzhnikov, V. G., Holmer, L. E., Klishevich, I. A., 2009. Gondwanan faunal signatures from early Paleozoic terranes of Kazakhstan and Central Asia: evidence and tectonic implications. In: Bassett, M. G. (Ed.), Early Paleozoic Peri-Gondwana Terranes: New Insights from Tectonics and Biogeography: Geological Society of London, Special Publications, 325, 23–64.
Revyako, N. M., Kostitsyn, Y. A., Bychkova, Y. V., 2012. Interaction between a mafic melt and host rocks during formation of the Kivakka layered intrusion, North Karelia. Petrology 20(2), 101–119.
Saltzman, M. R., Thomas, E., 2012. Carbon isotope stratigraphy, in: Gradstein, F. M., Ogg, J. G., Schmitz, M., Ogg, G. (Eds.), The Geologic Time Scale. Elsevier. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-59425-9.00011-1.
Sawaki, Y., Ohno, T., Fukushi, Y., Komiya, T., Ishikawa, T., Hirata, T., Maruyama, S., 2008. Sr isotope excursion across the Precambrian — Cambrian boundary in the Three Gorges area, South China. Gondwana Research, 14, 134–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2007.11.002.
Shaw, H. F., Wasserburg, G. J., 1985. Sm—Nd in marine carbonates and phosphates: implications for Nd isotopes in seawater and crustal ages. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 49, 503– 518.
Veiser, J., 1983. Trace elements and isotopes in sedimentary carbonate. Carbonates: mineralogy and chemistry. Reviews in Mineralogy 11(2), 260–299.
Vishnevskaya, I. A., Letnikova, E. F., 2013. Chemostratigraphy of the Vendian-Cambrian carbonate sedimentary cover of the Tuva-Mongolian microcontinent. Russian Geology and Geophysics 54, 567–586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rgg.2013.04.008.
Wang, X., Hu, W., Yao, S., Chen, Q., Xie, X., 2011. Carbon and strontium isotopes and global correlation of Cambrian Series 2 — Series 3 carbonate rocks in the Keping area of the northwestern Tarim Basin, NW China. Marine and Petroleum Geology 28, 992–1002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.01.006.
Xiao, S., McFadden, K. A., Peek, S., Kaufman, A. J., Zhou, C., Jiang, G., Hu, J., 2012. Integrated chemostratigraphy of the Doushantuo Formation at the northern Xiaofenghe section (Yangtze Gorges, South China) and its implication for Ediacaran stratigraphic correlation and ocean redox models. Precambrian Research 192–195, 125–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2011.10.021.
Zhu, R., Li, X., Hou, X., Pan, Y., Wang, F., Deng, C., He, H., 2009. SIMS U–Pb zircon age of a tuff layer in the Meishucun section Yunnan, southwest China: constraint on the age of the Precambrian—Cambrian boundary. Sci China Ser. D: Earth Science 52, 1385–1392.
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Опубликован
12.11.2018
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Вишневская, И. А. (2018) «Изотопно-геохимические особенности кембрийских фосфоритов Каратауского бассейна (Южный Казахстан)», Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Науки о Земле, 63(3), сс. 267–290. doi: 10.21638/spbu07.2018.302.
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