Этапы антропогенной трансформации рельефа Российской Арктики

Yuriy R. Belyaev; Ekaterina A.  Eremenko; Nikolay N. Lugovoy; Tatiana Yu. Repkina; Fedor A. Romanenko; Sergey V. Kharchenko

doi:10.21638/spbu07.2022.407

Authors

Yuriy R. Belyaev Lomonosov Moscow State University (Department of Geography), Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
Ekaterina A. Eremenko Lomonosov Moscow State University (Department of Geography), Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
Nikolay N. Lugovoy Lomonosov Moscow State University (Department of Geography), Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; Institute of Geography Russian Academy of Sciences, Staromonetniy per., 29-4, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
Tatiana Yu. Repkina Lomonosov Moscow State University (Department of Geography), Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
Fedor A. Romanenko Lomonosov Moscow State University (Department of Geography), Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
Sergey V. Kharchenko Lomonosov Moscow State University (Department of Geography), Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; Institute of Geography Russian Academy of Sciences, Staromonetniy per., 29-4, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu07.2022.407

Abstract

Information about the occurrence and age of anthropogenic objects and accompanying surface morphology transformations in the Arctic zone of Russia was collected and systematized. 6 chronological stages of antropogenic surface transformations were distinguished: before 1918 a.d., 1919-1932 a.d., 1933-1963 a.d., 1964-1987 a.d., 1988-1998 a.d. and after 1999 a.d. The leading types of land-use on the territory of the Arctic zone of Russia for different time slices are identified, the areas affected by development are outlined, and the inherent types of anthropogenic transformation of landscapes are indicated. Rythms of economic development and antropogenic surface morphology transformation due to social-economic and political causes were established. Maximum of antropogenic transformation occurred during Soviet period in 1933-1963 and 1964-1987 a.d.. Periods between 1919-1932 a.d and 1988-1998 a.d. coinciding with collapse of Russian Empire and USSR respectively marked with significant decrease of antropogenic activity in Russian Arctic. Four types of territories differing with duration of antropogenic development, intensity and set of antropogenic objects and accompanying surface morphology transformations were revealed: 1) territories of old (before 1918 a.d) development with significant grade of antropogenic transformation (4,3% of Russian Arctic); 2) territories of Soviet (1918-1987) development with significant grade of antropogenic transformation (25,8% of Russian Arctic); 3) territories of Postsoviet (1988+) development with significant grade of antropogenic transformation (2,9% of Russian Arctic); 2) territories without significant amount of antropogenic objects and with well-preserved natural surface morphology (67% of Russian Arctic).

Keywords:

Russian Arctic zone, antropogenic landforms, antropogenic transformation, stages of development, land-use

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Аджиев, А. Х., Барталев, С. А., Беккиев, М. Ю., Бирюков, М. В., Бирюкова, О. Н., Битюкова, В. Р., Бобылев, С. Н., Богданова, М. Д., Божилина, Е. А., Бронникова, В. К., Бударина, О. И., Власов, Д. В., Волкова, Е. А., Вомперский, С. Э., Воробьева, Т. А., Гаврилова, И. П., Кошелева, Н. Е., Никифорова, Е. М. (2017). Экологический атлас России. М.: Феория.

Афонина, Г. М., ред.-сост. (1996). Краткие сведения о развитии отечественных железных дорог с 1838 по 1990 г. М.: [Б. и.]

Бредихин, А. В., Еременко, Е. А., Харченко, С. В., Беляев, Ю. Р., Романенко, Ф. А., Болысов, С. И., Фузеина, Ю. Н. (2020). Районирование территории российской Арктики по типам антропогенного освоения и сопутствующей трансформации рельефа на основе кластерного анализа. Вестник Московского университета. Сер. 5. География, 1, 42-56.

Дворецкая, М. И., Жданова, А. П., Лушников, О. Г., Слива, И. В. (2018). Возобновляемая энергия. Гидроэлектростанции России: справочник. В. В. Берлин, ред. СПб.: Изд-во Политехн. ун-та.

Козлова, А. Е. (2013). Антропогенное преобразование рельефа в условиях хозяйственного освоения территории полуострова Ямал. Известия РАН. Сер. географическая, 4, 87-94.

Первозванский, И. В. (1959). Очерки по развитию лесного хозяйства и лесной промышленности Карелии. Труды Карельского филиала Академии наук СССР. Вып. XIX, 5-75.

Чеснокова, И. В. (2013). Антропогенный морфогенез в зоне развития многолетнемерзлых пород. В: Антропогенная геоморфология. М.; Киев: Медиа-ПРЕСС, 167-173.

Avango, D., Hacquebord, L. and Wråkberg, U. (2014). Industrial extraction of Arctic natural resources since the sixteenth century: Technoscience and geo-economics in the history of northern whaling and mining. Journal of Historical Geography, 44, 15-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2014.01.001

Becker, M. S. and Pollard, W. H. (2015). Sixty-year legacy of human impacts on a high Arctic ecosystem. Journal of Applied Ecology, 53, 876-884. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12603

Desjardins, S. P. A. and Jordan, P. D. (2019). Arctic Archaeology and Climate Change. Annual Review of Anthropology, 48, 1, 279-296. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102317-045901

Doyle, S., Gray, A. and McMahon, B. J. (2020). Anthropogenic impacts on the demographics of Arctic-breeding birds. Polar Biology, 43, 1903-1945. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-020-02756-6

Grebenets, V., Streletskiy, D. and Shiklomanov, N. (2012). Geotechnical safety issues in the cities of Polar regions. Geography, Environment. Sustainability, 5 (3), 104-119. https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2012-5-3-104-119

Khalturin, V. I., Rautian, T. G., Richards, P. G. and Leith, W. D. (2005). A review of nuclear testing by the Soviet Union at Novaya Zemlya, 1955-1990. Science and Global Security, 13, 1-42.

Kitti, H., Forbes, B. C. and Oksanen, J. (2009). Long- and short-term effects of reindeer grazing on tundra wetland vegetation. Polar Biology. 32, 253-261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-008-0526-9

Krupnik, I. (2002). Arctic adaptations: native whalers and reindeer herders of northern Eurasia. Dartmouth College Press.

Miles, V. and Esau, I. (2017). Seasonal and Spatial Characteristics of Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) in Northern West Siberian Cities. Remote Sensing, 9 (10), 989. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9100989

Miles, V. and Esau, I. (2020). Surface urban heat islands in 57 cities across different climates in northern Fennoscandia. Urban Climate, 31, 100575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2019.100575

Müller-Wille, L., Heinrich, D., Lehtola, V. P., Aikio, P., Konstantinov, Y. and Vladimirova, V. (2006). Dynamics in Human-Reindeer Relations: Reflections on Prehistoric, Historic and Contemporary Practices in Northernmost Europe. In: B. C. Forbes et al., eds Reindeer Management in Northernmost Europe. Ecological Studies (Analysis and Synthesis), vol. 184. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-31392-3_3

Normand, S., Høye, T. T., Forbes, B. C., Bowden, J. J., Davies, A. L., Odgaard, B. V., Riede, F., Svenning, J-C., Treier, U. A., Willerslev, R. and Wischnewski, J. (2017). Legacies of Historical Human Activities in Arctic Woody Plant Dynamics. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 42 (1), 541-567. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085454

Pitulko, V., Kuzmin, Y., Glascock, M., Pavlova, E. and Grebennikov, A. (2019). ‘They came from the ends of the earth’: Long-distance exchange of obsidian in the High Arctic during the Early Holocene. Antiquity, 93 (367), 28-44. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2019.2

Pitulko, V. V., Nikolsky, P. A., Girya, E. Yu., Basilyan, E. A., Tumskoy, V. E., Koulakov, S. A., Astakhov, S. N., Pavlova, E. Yu. and Anisimov, M. A. (2004). The Yana RHS Site: Humans in the Arctic Before the Last Glacial Maximum. Science, vol. 303 (5654), 52-56. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1085219

Pitulko, V. V., Tikhonov, A. N., Pavlova, E. Y., Nikolskiy, P. A., Kuper, K. E. and Polozov, R. N. (2016). Paleoanthropology. Early human presence in the Arctic: evidence from 45,000-year-old mammoth remains. Science, vol. 351 (6270), 260-263. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad0554

Sandom, C., Faurby, S., Sandel, B. and Svenning, J.-C. (2014). Global Late Quaternary megafauna extinctions linked to humans, not climate change. Proceedings of the Royal Society. B: Biological Sciences 281 (1787), 20133254. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.3254

Streletskiy, D. A., Suter, L. J., Shiklomanov, N. I., Porfiriev, B. N. and Eliseev, D. O. (2019). Assessment of climate change impacts on buildings, structures and infrastructure in the Russian regions on permafrost. Environmental Research Letters, 14 (2), 025003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaf5e6

Trump, B. D., Kadenic, M. and Linkov, I. (2018). A sustainable Arctic: Making hard decisions. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 50 (1). https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2018.1438345

Varentsov, M., Konstantinov, P., Baklanov, A., Esau, I., Miles, V. and Davy, R. (2018). Anthropogenic and natural drivers of a strong winter urban heat island in a typical Arctic city. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18 (23), 17573-17587. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17573-2018

Yu, Q., Epstein, H. E., Walker, D. A., Frost, G. V. and Forbes, B. C. (2011). Modeling dynamics of tundra plant communities on the Yamal Peninsula, Russia, in response to climate change and grazing pressure. Environmental Research Letters, 6 (4), 45505. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/6/4/045505